European Commission DG ECFIN Business and Consumer Surveys

Methodology

• Published BCS rows use official European Commission XLSX time-series workbooks.
• Food-manufacturing survey rows are NACE C10 manufacture of food products rows for the European Union and euro area.
• Survey balances, factor shares, and capacity-utilization percentages are survey-derived measures, not hard output, shipment, revenue, or price-level data.
• Seasonal-adjustment status and source-native question codes are preserved from the official workbook.

Source Terms